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Great Panhandle Indian Scare

On this day in 1891, sixteen years after the Plains Indians had been confined to reservations, several settlers near the site of present Wellington in Collingsworth County became convinced that hostile Indians were returning to their old lands. Mrs. Will Johnson brought her two children to Henry Stall's farm, where her husband and W. L. Huddleston were visiting, and told of hearing "bloodthirsty yells" and seeing smoke in the distance. Huddleston rode to Salisbury, where the depot agent wired for help, and the townspeople barricaded themselves wherever they could. Area ranchers sent out runners with news of an impending Indian raid, and panic spread as far west as Amarillo and as far south as Plainview and Floydada. At the Mill Iron Ranch, several families without firearms gathered at John Gist's dugout and stored piles of rocks to throw at the Indians. In Clarendon, Henry W. Taylor's hardware store was picked clean of guns and ammunition. A company of Texas Rangers commanded by Capt. William J. McDonald traveled by rail to defend the "front line" in Collingsworth County. Once there, they discovered the cause of the yelling and smoke that Mrs. Johnson had reported. Apparently S. H. Vaughn, foreman of the Rocking Chair Ranch, had ordered his men to kill a steer for supper. They had fired several shots and, during preparations for cooking, had accidentally incinerated the carcass. It took three days for the general panic to subside. The unfounded rumors were fueled by reports of the Ghost Dance religion, in which the Sioux and other northern Plains tribes were involved, and by fear of retaliation for the Wounded Knee massacre in South Dakota the previous December. Some settlers blamed Charles Goodnight and other ranchers for purposely spreading the scare in an effort to discourage further agricultural settlement. After several years had passed, the settlers were able to laugh at themselves, and the story of the "attack" became a favorite among Panhandle pioneers.

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The Legend of Old Rip

 

The enduring legend of Old Rip began way back in the summer of 1897 in the west Texas town of Eastland, the county seat. Their courthouse had been damaged by fire and had to be replaced. As construction commenced, the good citizens decided to place a few items in a cornerstone to commemorate the auspicious occasion. City officials placed a bible and some other mementos inside the marble block. But, not to be outdone, county clerk, Ernest Wood dropped an unsuspecting horned lizard into what he, no doubt expected to be the lizards tomb. The stone was then sealed.

 

 


 

Thirty one years went by and it was decided that the courthouse should be replaced by a more modern facility. As the demolition of the building began, the talk of Eastland increasingly centered around the question of the unfortunate lizards state. Interest in the contents of the cornerstone grew to the point that over 3000 people crowded into the square to witness firsthand the opening of the block of marble.

On February 18, 1928, the horned lizard was lifted from his marble tomb, apparently lifeless and covered with the dust of 31 years. As he was held aloft for the crowd to see, his flat, dusty body began to twitch. IT'S ALIVE!!

Not only was it alive, the little lizard seem to be be saying to the man holding him by the leg, "hey, put me down". Well the astonished audience immediately christened the lizard Old Rip, for the literary figure Rip Van Winkle. From that moment forward the legend and controversy swirled around Old Rip. There were, of course, many doubters who loudly proclaimed the whole affair a trumped up publicity stunt, while still others vociferously denied any such thing. One citizen correctly asked the doubters, who claimed that the dead lizard was replaced by a live one, where a live horned lizard could have been found since all the little critters hibernate underground during the winter.

Since that fateful February day almost 80 years ago, the Legend of Old Rip has been kept alive largely by the people of Eastland county who know a good thing when they see it.
In the present day county courthouse, visitors will find one of several replacement Old Rip carcasses lying in state within a glass covered case.

Could a horned lizard survive 31 years entombed in a marble block without food and water? Or was the"miracle toad" really an elaborate hoax? The legend of Old Rip is just one of thousands of tales that weave together to create the colorful fabric of Texas Lore.

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"Cowboy's Ten Commandments" posted on the wall at cross Trails  Church in Fairlie, Texas.
            (1)  Just one God.
            (2)  Honor yer Ma & Pa.
            (3)  No telling tales or gossipin'.
            (4)  Git yourself to Sunday meeting.
            (5)  Put nothin' before God.
            (6)  No foolin' around with another fellow's gal.
            (7)  No killin'.
            (8)  Watch yer mouth.
            (9)  Don't take what ain't yers.
          (10)  Don't be hankerin' for yer buddy's stuff

Now that's kinda plain an' simple don't ya think?

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The name Texas comes from the Hasini Indian word "tejas" meaning friends.  Tejas is not Spanish for  Texas.

Photos:  Top, top half of the Nolan marker at Rio Vista, possibly an early stone placed at the gravesite of Nolan where he was buried by servants, but thought by others to be a hoax.   The words "Sacred to the Memory of  Nolan" with date 1843 are visibly scrawled on the stone.  Bottom, bottom part of the marker at Rio Vista, the marker erroneously refers to the Spanish royal forces from Nacogdoches as Mexican soldiers

Simply stated, the truth about Nolan is as much a mystery today as it was when he perished in the Texas wilderness over eighteen decades ago. Perhaps we will never know what drove him to his tragic destiny, but the need to know seems destined to persist. Philip Nolan - bold pathfinder, reckless mustanger, conniving entrepreneur, passionate adventurer, betrayed filibuster, martyred freedom fighter - lives on in the American consciousness, in fact and in fiction. As always, the distinction between the two rests enshrouded in an unknown grave, protected by Los Brazos de Dios.

The Mysterious Story of Philip Nolan
FYI
Vintage

ADOLF HITLER UNWITTINGLY HELPED FURNISH LABOR FORCE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF LAKE TEXOMA 

Although a construction project in America was not a part of their original plans,some of Hitler's crack Panzer (tank) troops were involved in the initial construction efforts of Red River Dam at Denison that created Lake Texoma. These men, who made up some of Hitler's top fighting forces before their capture in North Africa, were brought from their POW camps in Denison in spring 1943 and were responsible for helping get this massive construction project started by felling the trees on 300,000 acres of land. Although this was denied in official U.S. government circles, There were German citizens living in America when the war started on December 7, 1941 who were picked up by the U.S. government and held in internment camps, and who also were sent to Denison to work on the mammoth construction site. A personal friend in the German community in Dallas told us how her father was picked up in Fort Worth and sent to an internment camp in the Dakotas. He was subsequently transferred to a camp in Oklahoma, and then assigned to work on the Red River Dam.     

This interesting Texas Tale was excerpted from Bill Cannon's book, "Texas-Land of Legend and Lore"


Indianola street scene, photo courtesy texasoldphotos.com

Old Indianola

So, Indianola, has it been with thee,
Thou once fair city by the moonlit sea!
Thy fame is ended and thy beauty fled.
Bleak memory call thee form the silent dead.
Thy streets are nameless, and seaweeds grow
Along the walks where life did want to flow
Forever dead!
Forever thy dream is o'er!
Thou livist alone on
Memory's barren shore
The sun that set, yet sets to rise again,
Will smile the same, yet smile on thee in vain
While moonbeams dancing as the billows roar,
Will seem as bright, yet dance on’t thee no more.
- Jeff Melemona 1889
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January 29, 1891

MYSTERY

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna was born in Mexico on 21 February 1794.

        As a young officer, Santa Anna rebelled against the government, gaining considerable popular support. He was elected president of Mexico in a democratic election in 1833.  He soon decided that Mexico was not ready for democracy and pronounced himself dictator.

        Santa Anna's abolition of the Mexican constitution in 1834 lead to Texas' break with Mexico. He took personal leadership of the campaign to subdue the Texas revolution, notably when his 4,000 man army captured the Alamo after a thirteen day siege on 16 March 1836 -- killing all 187 defenders, including Jim Bowie and Davy Crockett.  Ten days later, in spite of pleadings by prominent officers, he ordered the slaughter of over 400 surrendered prisoners at Goliad.  Their bodies were burned, with the remains left exposed to vultures and coyotes.  Mainly because of these two events, General Santa Anna would become the leading villain in Texas history.

     In the end, however, his overconfidence and carelessness (he neglected to post guards and was taking a siesta) allowed Sam Houston to win a crushing victory at the battle of San Jacinto.  Santa Anna, taken prisoner by Houston, signed a treaty guaranteeing the independence of Texas, then returned to Mexico in disgrace.  Accusing Santa Anna of treason, Mexico repudiated the treaty.

     Santa Anna was down but far from out.   In 1838, as ridiculous as it sounds, a French baker in Mexico City claimed his shop had been looted by Mexican soldiers and demanded compensation from Mexico.  He was backed by the French government, which was trying to pressure Mexico into a trade agreement. Eventually, this dispute resulted in a bombardment of Veracruz, which became known as "the French Pastry War".   During the battle, Santa Anna had several horses shot out from under him and lost his right leg below the knee.   Santa Anna became the "hero of Veracruz".  He soon resumed the presidency.

     In 1842, he arranged for an elaborate ceremony to dig up the remains of his leg, and to parade with it through Mexico City.  He then had it placed on a well-known monument for all to see.

      His eccentricity was only exceeded by his greed and extravagance. He outfitted his own private army.  He also gave an endless round of fiestas, most of them in his own honor. In order to raise money, he raised taxes to an oppressive level.  By 1842,  the treasury was broke and Santa Anna was unable to pay his army.  Forced out by a rebellion, Santa Anna went into hiding in the rugged mountains. He was caught by government troops in 1845 and was exiled to Cuba for ten years.

     Meanwhile, relations between the Republic of Texas and Mexico became increasingly strained because many Texans now desired to become part of the United States.  In February of 1846, the last president of the Republic of Texas, Anson Jones, raised the United States flag in Austin. This action caused Mexico to break diplomatic relations with the United States, and the two nations eventually declared war.

     Corresponding from Cuba , Santa Anna persuaded U. S. President James K. Polk that he could solve the dispute over Texas.  Polk ordered American warships to allow safe passage for Santa Anna to land at Veracruz.  Santa Anna immediately reneged on his promise to Polk and began to organize resistance against the U. S.  When war began, the president of Mexico promptly named Santa Anna general of Mexico's armed forces.   Santa Anna soon resumed the presidency as well.

   This set the stage for the entry of General Santa Anna into Tazewell County History.  At the outbreak of the war, Captain Edward Jones and Lieutenants Leonard Knott and William Tinney of Tazewell County formed Company G, Fourth Regiment of the Illinois Volunteers, joining a division commanded by General Frank Shields.  They landed in Veracruz with General Winifred Scott.  They soon moved to assault the Mexicans at Cerro Gordo, a position which controlled the road to Mexico City.

cerro1.jpg (39561 bytes) On 18 April 1847, the main part of the American forces assaulted the Mexican batteries head on, led by Captain Robert E. Lee, assisted by Lieutenants U.S. Grant, P. G. T. Beauregard, and George B. McClellan.  At the same time, Shields' division, including the Tazewell County volunteers, made a wide encircling movement through mountainous rugged terrain in order to try to come upon the Mexican position from the rear.  The Mexican forces had assumed this route to be impassable.

   Meanwhile, Santa Anna had moved his personal position to the left of the main battery.  He decided to take a break to eat a roasted chicken dinner in his carriage, removing his artificial leg for comfort.   According to a Mexican soldier's report, this is what happened next:

"General Santa Anna, accompanied by some of his adjutants, proceeded by the road to the left of the battery, when the enemy's column, now coming out of the woods, absolutely prevented his passage by a discharge which obliged him to fall back. The carriage in which he had left Jalapa was riddled with shot, the mules killed and taken by the enemy, as well as a wagon containing sixteen thousand dollars, received the day before for the pay of the troops. Every tie of command and obedience now being broken among our troops, safety alone being the object, and all being involved in a frightful whirl, they rushed desperately to the narrow pass of the defile that descends to the Plan del Rio, where the General-in-chief had proceeded, with the chiefs and officers who accompanied him.

Horrible, indeed, was the descent by that narrow and rocky path, where thousands rushed, disputing the passage with desperation, and leaving a track of blood upon the road. All classes being confounded, all military distinction and respect were lost, the badges of rank became marks for sarcasms, that were only meted out according to their grade and humiliation. The enemy, now masters of our camp, turned their guns upon the fugitives. This augmented more and more the terror of the multitude crowded through the defile, and pressed forward every instant by a new impulse, which increased the confusion and disgrace of the ill-fated day.

Cerro Gordo was lost! Mexico was open to the iniquity of the invader."

     When the Illinois Volunteers surprised the Mexicans by screaming and shooting as they charged from the woods, they weren't aware they had almost captured General Santa Anna and ended the Mexican-American War five months early.   After his carriage had been destroyed, a Mexican calvary soldier grabbed the general, carrying him to safety.  First Sergeant Samuel Rhodes, Second Sergeant John M. Gill, and Private Abraham Waldron  (all from Pekin) found the chicken dinner and, according to their account, eighteen thousand dollars in gold.  Later, Sergeant Gill discovered the artificial leg.  The three soldiers ate the chicken dinner, turned over the gold to the Army paymaster, and kept the leg as a war souvenir.

     The Tazewell County unit continued to storm the Mexican position at Cerro Gordo.  A wounded General Shields was rescued by Lieutenant William Tinney of Pekin who was later awarded a medal for heroism.  Shield's division, including the the Tazewell County men, seized some Mexican artillery and turned it around on the Mexicans.  As mentioned in the Mexican report above, the battle turned into a full scale rout with complete victory to the Americans.

    However, it was the leg that most intrigued the American troops, and they immortalized it in a song, a parody of "The Girl I Left Behind Me."

The Leg I Left Behind Me

I am stumpless quite since from the shot
Of Cerro Gordo peggin',
I left behind, to pay Gen. Scott,
My grub, and gave my leg in.

I dare not turn to view the place
Lest Yankee foes should find me,
And mocking shake before my face
The Leg I Left Behind Me.

At Buena Vista I was sure
That Yankee troops must surrender,
And bade my men hurrah, for you're
All going on a bender.

That all my hopes and plans were dashed,
My scattered troops remind me,
But though I there got soundly thrashed,
I left no leg behind me.

Should Gen. Taylor of my track get scent,
Or Gen Scott beat up my quarters,
I may as well just be content
To go across the waters.

But should that my fortune be,
Fate has not quite resigned me
For in the museum I will see
The Leg I Left Behind Me.


Tazewell County
Soldiers Killed
Company G, 4th Regiment, Illinois Volunteers
 

Name Rank Date of Death Remarks
Bennett, Sylvestor Private 8 December 1846 Died in the hospital at Matamoras
SANTA  ANNA
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